UPSC Knowledge Cluster

Topic Hub: Environment

Curated UPSC preparation guides, syllabus mapping, mains value addition, and editorial briefings for Environment.

May 4, 2026

Ramsar Sites in India: Ecological Significance, Challenges & Way Forward

IntroductionWetlands are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, providing critical ecological and economic services. The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, signed in 1971 in Iran, provides a globa

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO): Phases, Mechanism, Impacts & Measurement

GS Paper IIIEnvironment & Ecology

9 min

Apr 27, 2026

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO): Phases, Mechanism, Impacts & Measurement

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Cycle Tags: geography, climatology, environment Summary: ENSO is a coupled ocean–atmosphere phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean that drives global climate variability a

Cyclones (Toofan/Hurricanes): Formation, Impact, Management & India’s Preparedness

GS Paper IICurrent Affairs & Policy

10 min

Dec 2, 2025

Cyclones (Toofan/Hurricanes): Formation, Impact, Management & India’s Preparedness

Cyclones (Toofan/Hurricanes): Formation, Impact, Global Patterns & India’s Preparedness Cyclones—known as Hurricanes in the Atlantic, Typhoons in the Western Pacific, and Toofans in the Indian sub